非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：不可單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制，在句子中可以用作其他句子成分。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種：不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞。
動(dòng)詞不定式
一、 不定式的形式 ① 帶to 的不定式 to work
二、動(dòng)詞不定式有兩種形式：
② 不帶to 的不定式 work
三、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化
|
|
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
|
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
|
|
一般式
|
to write
|
to be written
|
|
進(jìn)行式
|
to be writing
|
|
|
完成式
|
to have written
|
to have been written
|
四、不定式在句子可做的成分： 主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
1、不定式做主語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)
to stop the work now seems impossible.不可能的
用 it 來做形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)詞不定式放到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。
it seems impossible to stop the work now.
形式主語(yǔ)幾種常見的用法：
① it +be+adj+to do (be涵蓋的各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)如：is、was、has been、had been、will be、would be)
it’s easy容易的 to learn學(xué)習(xí) a foreign language.外國(guó)語(yǔ)言
it’s so good / nice to talk to 和---談話you.
② it + be + n. + to do
it’s our duty 責(zé)任to obey服從the law.法律
it’s a good habit習(xí)慣 to eat slowly.慢慢地
③ it+ 動(dòng)詞（賓語(yǔ)）+ to do.
it cost花費(fèi) a lot of很多 money to build 建筑this museum.博物館
it amused使發(fā)笑 me to hear these jokes.笑話
④ it takes / took / will take +sb + some time / money to do sth
it took us a long time to mend修補(bǔ)修理 the house.
it took me exactly 正好a week to complete完成 the work.
⑤ it be + adj + for sb + to do
邏輯主語(yǔ)
it’s easy for me to operate 操作the machine.機(jī)器