動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)詞 + ing形式，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。
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主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
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被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
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一般式
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working
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being worked
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完成式
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having worked
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having been worked
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動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的特性，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。
1、作主語(yǔ)：
⑴ finding work is difficult 困難的these days.
travelling abroad 國(guó)外旅行can be very exciting.令人興奮的
⑵ it 作形式主語(yǔ)的句子。
① it’s no use / no good / fun 等名詞+doing
it’s no use crying.
② it’s + adj + doing (useless、nice、good、interesting)
it’s so nice sitting here with you.
it’s nice seeing you again.
2、作表語(yǔ)：用在系動(dòng)詞后
her hobby愛(ài)好 is painting.繪畫(huà)
his favorite最喜歡的 sport 運(yùn)動(dòng)is skiing.滑雪
動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)是與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)不同。
her job was washing clothes. ------動(dòng)名詞
she was washing clothes. -------現(xiàn)在分詞
① be 動(dòng)詞意義不同：動(dòng)名詞的be 動(dòng)詞譯為“是”；系動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞前的be沒(méi)有意義是助動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)構(gòu)成一種時(shí)態(tài)。
② ing意義不同：動(dòng)名詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等；現(xiàn)在分詞則表示主動(dòng)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。
③ 主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換就是動(dòng)名詞。
washing clothes was her job. her job was washing clothes.
3、作賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞或者介詞后面
i suggested bringing the meeting to an end.
he didn’t recall 回憶saying it.
⑴ 常用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：
admit承認(rèn)、avoid避免、consider考慮、deny否認(rèn)、enjoy喜歡、finish完成、keep保持、mind介意、postpone延期、recall回憶、require需要、suggest建議、stop停止、give up 放棄、insist on 堅(jiān)持
⑵ 既可接doing，也可接 to do.
attempt企圖、begin考試、continue繼續(xù)、forget忘記、hate憎恨、help幫助、learn學(xué)會(huì)、like喜歡、love熱愛(ài)、prefer更喜歡、mean意味、need需要、regret后悔、remember記得、propose建議、start開(kāi)始、stop停止、try努力嘗試、want想要
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try doing sth 試著做某事
try to do sth 企圖、試圖做某事
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reget doing sth 懊悔做過(guò)某事
reget to do sth 遺憾地做某事
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remember doing sth 記得做過(guò)某事
remember to do sth 記住要去做某事
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forget doing sth 忘記做過(guò)某事
forget to do sth 忘記要去做的某事
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quit / stop doing sth 停止做某事
quit /stop to do sth 停下來(lái)去做某事
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propose doing sth 建議做某事
propose to do sth 打算做某事
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want、need兩者都可以接，但接動(dòng)名詞往往有被動(dòng)的含義
your hair 頭發(fā)wants cutting. 修理
the pants 褲子need pressing.熨燙
⑶ 也可以做介詞的賓語(yǔ)
she insisted on 堅(jiān)持writing at once.立刻
he never complained 抱怨about working overtime.超時(shí)
⑷ be + adj + prep.(介詞) + doing
i was afraid of 恐怕making them uneasy.心神不安的
he was excited at hearing the news.
4、作定語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞+名詞
everybody was at his fighting post.戰(zhàn)斗崗位
they set up建立設(shè)立an operating table in a small temple.寺廟
其中： an operating table = a table for operating
a fighting post = a post for fighting.
5、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)名詞可以和名詞屬格、物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
i can’t bear忍受 his staying up 熬夜so late.
mary’s having seen them did not surprise驚奇 us.
you say nothing about us calling.呼叫