ⅱ不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)的用法:
不定式在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
1.作主語(yǔ)
不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù),如:
to serve the people is our duty. 為人民服務(wù)是我們的職責(zé)。
動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),往往放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面,用引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。上述兩句也可改為:
it is our duty to serve the people. 為人民服務(wù)是我們的職責(zé)。
形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)在職稱英語(yǔ)考題中常見(jiàn),在職稱英語(yǔ)考試中常出現(xiàn)的形式主語(yǔ)的句型有:
it is/was/has been/had been/ will be/ would be + n.+ to do
it is our duty(職責(zé)) to help(幫助) them.
it is/was/has been/had been/ will be/would be +adj.+ (for sb./sth.)+ to do
it is easy(容易的) for us to answer(回答) this question(問(wèn)題).(介詞for引出不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ))
補(bǔ)充:
answer the door v. 去開門(迎客)
answer the telephone v. 接電話
it takes/took/will take/would take sb.+ time/money + to do 做...會(huì)花掉/花了/將花掉某人...時(shí)間/錢
it will take you quite a (相當(dāng)...的)long time to finish it.
補(bǔ)充:
quite a few adj. 相當(dāng)多(修飾可數(shù)名詞)
quite a little adj. 許多的(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)
quite a number of adj. 相當(dāng)多的