3.作賓語
有些及物動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語,如:agree(同意), begin(開始), decide(決定), desire(期望), determine(決定, 決心), expect(期望), forget(忘記), hope(希望), learn(學(xué)會(huì)), like(喜歡), love(愛), mean(打算), offer(愿意), plan(計(jì)劃), pretend(假裝), promise(答應(yīng)), refuse(拒絕), regret(抱歉), remember(記住), try(試圖), stop(停下來去...), want(想要)等,如:
the boy decided(決定) not to become(成為) a teacher(老師).
she refused(拒絕) to help me.
如果不定式作賓語而又跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),要用“it”作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語(不定式)放到補(bǔ)足語后面去,如:
we found(認(rèn)為, 發(fā)現(xiàn)) it impossible(不可能的) to finish the work in such a short time.
i consider(認(rèn)為) it necessary (有必要的)to collect(收集) sufficient(足夠的) data(資料) for our research(研究).
形式賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)也是考生在復(fù)習(xí)中需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的語法內(nèi)容。在涉及形式賓語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中, 句子中真正的賓語除了可以是在句末出現(xiàn)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)外,還可以是在句末出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)和賓語從句, 如:
we took it for granted that we would win(贏).(it是形式賓語,句中真正的賓語是位于該句句末的賓語從句)
補(bǔ)充:
take...for granted 想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為...
we considered it important(重要的) thinking for ourselves. (it是形式賓語,句中真正的賓語是位于該句句末的的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu))
補(bǔ)充:
think for oneself = on one’s own/ 獨(dú)立地
注意:forget, remember, stop這幾個(gè)詞后面既可以跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)也可以跟動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu),但結(jié)構(gòu)含義差別較大:
forget to do.../忘記要做...
forget doing.../忘記做過...
remember to do.../記住要做...
remember doing.../記住做過...
stop to do.../停下來去做...
stop doing.../停止做...
同時(shí):want, need 這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞也是既可以跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)也可以跟動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu),但跟動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),是用“主動(dòng)”表示“被動(dòng)”。
the house wants/needs painting. 房子需要油漆了