ⅰ、條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.構(gòu)成
含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的句子稱為條件句。如果所表示的條件是真實(shí)的,或者完全可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,則稱為真實(shí)條件句,其主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)都用陳述語(yǔ)氣,如:
you may be blamed(指責(zé), 批評(píng)) if you make the same(相同的) mistake (錯(cuò)誤)again(再次).
如果條件句表示的條件根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小時(shí),則稱為虛擬條件句,其主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)就要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞give和tell為例列表如下:
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條件從句
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主句
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與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假定
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gave
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should + tell
would + tell
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與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假定
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had + given
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should + have + told
would + have + told
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推測(cè)未來(lái)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性很小的假定
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should + give
were to + give
gave
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should + tell
would + tell
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注:
① 在與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)條件從句中謂語(yǔ)為be時(shí),一般不分人稱,多用過(guò)去式的復(fù)數(shù)形式were。如主語(yǔ)為第一、三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),也可用was (但“if i were you…”中只能用were)