2009年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類a級考試試題及答案

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16～22題，每題1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early

An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated, say Italian researchers, who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use.

The researchers looked at 25 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.

"When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007, we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials - more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years," study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.

Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007, the researchers found that 11 (79 percent) of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

"This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies. On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an 'immature' benefit/risk balance of new drugs," Apolone said.

He and his colleagues "are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients. However, findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation."

It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration (持續(xù)時(shí)間) of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months, with a range from 12 to 64 months.

They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped, they'd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.

"Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there's proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation," Stuart Pocock, a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom, said at the news conference. "However, too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy (功效) without strong evidence being available."

16　The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recently

A Right B　Wrong C Not mentioned

17　The trials were stopped early because the treatments proved to be of no value

A Right B　Wrong C Not mentioned

18　The 25 trials involved roughly the same number of participants

A Right B　Wrong C Not mentioned

19　Some of the trials were probably stopped early for commercial reasons.

A Right B　Wrong C Not mentioned

20　Participants in the trials were happy when they were stopped early

A Right B　Wrong C Not mentioned

21　Some of the trials were too short to show their long-term effects

A Right B　Wrong C Not mentioned

22　Stuart Pocock believed that in no case should clinical trials stop early

A Right B　Wrong C Not mentioned

參考答案：

16 A 17 B 18 C 19 A 20 C

21 A 22 B

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（責(zé)任編輯：vstara）

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