本課主要構(gòu)詞法

Affixation (詞綴法)

1. 反意詞前綴un- unusual，unwilling

2. 形容詞后綴-y salty

3. 名詞后綴-or sailor

Compounding 　(合詞法)

1. 復(fù)合名詞 highway，steamship，airplane

2. 復(fù)合形容詞 mid-Atlantic，eastward

本課簡介

The Atlantic Ocean向讀者介紹了有關(guān)大西洋的情況。我們可以了解航行大西洋的過去和現(xiàn)在，也可以了解大西洋“制造”出來的世界之最本課主要語言點

1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

在表示河流，海洋，群島，沙漠等地理名稱的名詞前，以及以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的國名前要用定冠詞，例如：the Yellow River(黃河)，the Pacific Ocean(太平

洋), the Philippines (菲列賓)

在表示某一座山，島嶼或某一個湖時不用定冠詞，例如：Yellow Mountain(黃山)，Lake Erie(伊利湖)，Hainan Island(海南島)

separate from是常用詞組，在句子中的意思是“(使)分離，(使)分開”，請翻譯下面的句子：

英吉利海峽把英法兩國隔開。(The English Channel separates England from France.)

the Old world指歐，亞，非三洲，有時僅指歐洲。the New (World) 指哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)的美洲大陸。

2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.

keep… from doing 是習(xí)慣用法，意思是“使…不…”。

例如：It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.(要使父親不抽煙真不容易。)

3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.

make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意為“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如：His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他對工作的冷漠態(tài)度使得所有的人都不愿與他合作。)

主語+動詞+賓語+補語(SVOC)的句型在課本第二單元的語法中已有較詳細的論述。

4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

這兩個都是表語從句和主句中的系動詞連用的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞+表語從句。請看下面的例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.(我的想法是我們應(yīng)該盡快跟他聯(lián)系。)

請注意辨析another 和other：

another由 an+other構(gòu)成，只和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。other可用于所有名詞前。another+單數(shù)名詞表示不定的“另一個”，the other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示特指的“另一個”。

boiling hot意思是“滾熱的，酷熱的”。此處的boiling不是形容詞而是副詞，表示熱的程度，修飾hot.

5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.

此句中，that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句做賓語。

6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific，…

在第一單元中我們討論過副詞的同等比較。本句中as big as 則是形容詞的同等比較。在這類句子中，可以有表示程度的狀語。例如：

This book is not half as interesting as that one.(這本書還不如那本書一半有趣。)

7. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.

suppose 常常做動詞用，意思是“假定;猜想;認為”。例如：

I suppose he is very nervous.(我猜想他很緊張。)

在本句中suppose(也可以用supposing)是一個連詞，意思是“假設(shè)(= if);假使…結(jié)果會怎么樣”。例如：

Suppose he is ill， what shall we do?(假如他病了，我們怎么辦?)

8. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.

it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 是很常用的一個句型。例如：

1) 我騎自行車到學(xué)校要花半小時。(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.)

2) 他花了兩個星期時間才看完那本書。(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.)

9. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep， but in places it is much deeper.

on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。

a little 在句子中修飾more，表示程度，意思是“一點兒，稍許”。much在句子中修飾

deeper，也表示程度，加強形容詞比較級，意思是“…多”。

10. This “deep” measures 30，246 feet——almost 6 miles (9.6km)。

本句中的deep做名詞用，意思是“深處”，“海淵”(水深超過3000英里)。

measure 在句子中做動詞用，意思是“測量”，“有…深”。

11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.

本句中的 longest與課文前幾段中出現(xiàn)的narrowest，saltiest，deepest一樣，都是形容詞的最高級形式。因為這幾個詞是單音節(jié)詞或是以元音結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，所以，最高級的構(gòu)成是在詞尾加-est.對于大部分兩個音節(jié)以上的形容詞，最高級的構(gòu)成是在形容詞前面加most.

rise 是一個不及物動詞，在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。

1) rise 不及物動詞 (起立;上升，高聳;浮現(xiàn))

The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.

The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.

An idea rises in my mind.

2) raise 及物動詞 (舉起;養(yǎng)育;提高;召集)

If you have any questions， please raise your hands.

When Father was in the army， Mother had a hard time raising three children.

The management promised to raise the workers'' salary after the negotiation.

He failed to raise the money for his father''s heart operation.

3) arise 不及物動詞 (升起;出現(xiàn);由…引起)

Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.

New problems arise when old ones are solved.

4) arouse 及物動詞 (喚醒;激起，引起)

The noise outside aroused him from sleep.

floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他語言環(huán)境中，floor當(dāng)然有其他的意思。如;

1) He lives on the seventh floor.(他住在7樓。)

2) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.　(冬天時，木地板給我溫暖的感覺。)

3) He was given the floor at the meeting.(他在會上得到了發(fā)言權(quán)。)

12. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.

called the Sargasso Sea 是修飾ocean的定語從句，在其前省去了which is.

13. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.

crew是一個集合名詞，指“全體船員”，后面的謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，此句中謂語動詞用的是復(fù)數(shù)were，因為從句子中可以推斷出是許多vessels(船)上的船員。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed.

14. The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores.

furnish sth For sb. 意思是“為…提供”，我們同樣可以用furnish sb. with sth.來表達這個意思。

（責(zé)任編輯：lqh）

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