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　　Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 認(rèn)識派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.
　　The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激 ) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
　　“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
　　A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __8__ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__ failing grades.
　　In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
　　A)mental
　　B)promise
　　C)kill
　　D)avoid
　　E)hope
　　F)especially
　　G)aid
　　H)ordinary
　　I)approval
　　J)monetary
　　K)generally
　　L)improve
　　M)challenging
　　N)restore
　　O)excellent

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 本文導(dǎo)航

• 第1頁：習(xí)題

• 第2頁：答案解析

　　答案解析：
　　1. L
　　2. I
　　3. F
　　4. J
　　5. G
　　6. M
　　7. C
　　8. H
　　9. N
　　10. B

　　詞匯：英語六級核心詞匯難點速記匯總

　　習(xí)題匯總：2013年12月英語六級選詞填空習(xí)題及答案匯總

　　點擊進(jìn)入英語六級新版網(wǎng)校，免費試聽精講班高清課程>>

　　大學(xué)英語四六級改革政策全面解析專題>>點擊查看

（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）