來(lái)源：   【貨運(yùn)代理考試');">考試就上,大小考試都不怕】   2013年9月22日 為幫助廣大考生備考,推薦2013國(guó)際貨運(yùn)代理人考試英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)第三章：國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則的由來(lái),祝您在學(xué)習(xí)愉快！

2013國(guó)際貨運(yùn)代理人考試英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)第三章

　　第三章 國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則的由來(lái)

　　1-1 課文：In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 1936 a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 2000”.

　　核心句：to provide a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms in foreign trade, ICC published international rules...

　　注釋：

　　In order to: 為了

　　Commonly: 一般的，通常的，普遍的 = generally, usually

　　Interpretation : 解釋，說(shuō)明

　　Trade terms: 貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ) (另外：比如 trade practices 貿(mào)易慣例 trade contract 貿(mào)易合同 等)

　　ICC:全稱：International Chamber of Commerce.國(guó)際商會(huì)。

　　Incoterms: 全稱：International Commercial Terms 國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則

　　Be known as: 統(tǒng)稱為...，以...著稱

　　這句話大致的意思是：為了給國(guó)際貿(mào)易中普遍使用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)提供一套解釋的統(tǒng)一規(guī)則，國(guó)際商會(huì)與1936年發(fā)布了一套用于詮釋這些貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的國(guó)際規(guī)則，統(tǒng)稱為“國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則2000”。

　　1-2 課文：Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices.

　　注釋：

　　Later : 稍候，隨后 (另外latest: 最近的，最新的)

　　Amendment: 修改，修正(尤指對(duì)規(guī)則，法律，聲明等條款的修正，修訂，修改)

　　Addition: 增加物(在這里是指添加的條款和內(nèi)容)

　　In line with: 與...一致，與...相同 (相反的是：out of line with)

　　Current: 現(xiàn)今的，當(dāng)代的，時(shí)下的

　　Trade practices: 國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例，國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐

　　這句話大致意思是：以后又對(duì)此通則作了修改和補(bǔ)充，以便使這些規(guī)則適應(yīng)當(dāng)前國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐的發(fā)展。

　　1-3 The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000”, which includes 13 different international trade terms. Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations.

　　注釋：

　　Edition: ( 書籍，書刊等的)版本，版次。

　　Specify: 具體說(shuō)明，詳細(xì)說(shuō)明，規(guī)定(名詞：specification: 說(shuō)明書)

　　Whether...or...: 是...還是...

　　Be responsible for: 負(fù)責(zé)...，承擔(dān)...責(zé)任

　　Necessity: 必須，需要(在這里是指“必須要做的事”)

　　Export license: 出口許可證

　　Inspection: 檢驗(yàn) (商品檢驗(yàn)：commodity inspection)

　　Obligation: 職責(zé)，義務(wù)

　　后一句話我們可以換成這樣一句來(lái)理解：

　　Each term specifies the traders must bear each relevant responsibility and obligation.即貿(mào)易商必須承擔(dān)(bear)各自相關(guān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。

　　這段話大致的意思是：最新的版本是“國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則2000”，它包含了13個(gè)不同的國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)。每一個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)都明確規(guī)定由誰(shuí)來(lái)辦理出口許可證，出口清關(guān)，商品檢驗(yàn)及其他義務(wù)。

　　1-4 They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities.

　　注釋：

　　They = 13 trade terms

　　Point: 在這里是一個(gè)抽象的概念，指“在空間或者時(shí)間真實(shí)的或想象當(dāng)中的某一點(diǎn)”例如：at this point = at this moment / at this place (在此刻，在此地)

　　Risk: 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

　　Activity: 活動(dòng)，行為(復(fù)數(shù)形式尤指“所作的事務(wù)，待做的工作”)

　　這句話我們理解為：The 13 trade terms specify the transfer of risks(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移)and division of costs.(費(fèi)用的劃分)

　　這句話大致的意思是：這13個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)還明確了丟失及/或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在哪一點(diǎn)由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方，以及哪方面承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的費(fèi)用。

　　1-5 A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.

　　注釋：

　　Conduct: 管理，經(jīng)營(yíng)，處理=manage, control

　　Purchase:購(gòu)買 = buy

　　Mutual: 相互的，彼此的 (have a mutual understanding: 對(duì)于...達(dá)到共識(shí))

　　Therefore: 因此，為此

　　這句話的大致意思是：買方和賣方如果采用通則中的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)做貿(mào)易的話，就會(huì)清楚雙方各自的權(quán)利、需支付的費(fèi)用以及各自的義務(wù)。

　　二、六個(gè)主要的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(其中傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)有三個(gè)：FOB,CFR,CIF;在傳統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上新發(fā)展的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)有三個(gè)：FCA, CPT, CIP ) (考試重點(diǎn))

　　2-1 傳統(tǒng)的三個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)

　　FOB – Free On Board (...named port of shipment) 船上交貨(指定裝運(yùn)港)

　　定義：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named part of shipment. 指當(dāng)貨物在指定的裝運(yùn)港越過(guò)船舷,賣方即完成交貨。

　　注釋：pass: 越過(guò)，通過(guò); ship’s rail: 船舷; named: 指定的

　　這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1. The buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. 即買方在貨物越過(guò)船舷之后承擔(dān)所有的費(fèi)用，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和損失。

　　2. FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即FOB條款要求由賣方辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。

　　3. FOB term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.即FOB條款只適用于海運(yùn)或者是內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸。

　　注釋：inland waterway transport: 內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸

　　CFR - Cost and Freight (... named port of destination) 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)(指定目的港)

　　定義：means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.指當(dāng)貨物在指定的裝運(yùn)港越過(guò)船舷，賣方即完成交貨。

　　這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運(yùn)至目的港所需要的運(yùn)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用。(與FOB的區(qū)別)

　　2. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. 但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，以及由于各種條件造成的任何額外費(fèi)用，即由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方。(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的劃分與FOB不一樣的。是在目的港船舷。)

　　注釋：occur:(事件等)發(fā)生;events: 事件 transfer: 轉(zhuǎn)移

　　3. CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.即由賣方負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。(同F(xiàn)OB)

　　4. CFR term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport.即CFR只適用于海運(yùn)和內(nèi)陸水路運(yùn)輸(同F(xiàn)OB)

　　CIF-Cost, Insurance, and Freight (...named port of destination) 成本，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)(指定目的港)

　　定義:means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.即當(dāng)貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過(guò)船舷之后，賣方即完成交貨義務(wù)。

　　這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)我們應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. 即賣方必須支付貨物運(yùn)至目的港所需要的運(yùn)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用。(同CFR)

　　2. But the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. 但是交貨后貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，以及由于各種條件造成的任何額外費(fèi)用，即由賣方轉(zhuǎn)移到買方。(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的劃分與CFR 是一樣的)

　　3. However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.但是，在CIF條件下，賣方還需要辦理買方貨物在運(yùn)輸途中滅失或損壞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的海運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)。因此，由賣方簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同并且支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用(不同于 FOB和CFR,)

　　注釋：procure: (尤指用心或者費(fèi)力)獲得，取得，在這里我們引申為“辦理”; against: 反對(duì)，對(duì)于 carriage: 運(yùn)費(fèi)，運(yùn)輸(在這里指的是“運(yùn)輸”);consequently: 因此，所以; contract:在這里是動(dòng)詞的用法，意為：簽約，訂立合同(常與with 和for連用); insurance premium: 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)

　　4. CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. 即由賣方負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物的出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。(同F(xiàn)OB和CFR)

　　2-2 在傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的三個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)

　　FCA-Free Carrier (...named place) 貨交承運(yùn)人(指定地點(diǎn))

　　定義：means that sellers delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.是指賣方只要將貨物在指定的地點(diǎn)交給由買方制定的承運(yùn)人，并辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)，即完成交貨。

　　注釋：nominated: 指定的，指派的

　　這一術(shù)語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1. Seller should clear the goods for export.賣方負(fù)責(zé)辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù)。

　　2. The chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that place.交貨地點(diǎn)的選擇對(duì)于在該地點(diǎn)裝貨和卸貨的義務(wù)會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。

　　- If delivery occurs at the seller’s premises, the seller is responsible for loading.如賣方在其所在地交貨，則由賣方負(fù)責(zé)裝貨。

　　- If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.如賣方在任何其他地點(diǎn)交貨，則賣方不負(fù)責(zé)卸貨。

　　注釋：impact: 常與on聯(lián)用，對(duì)...施加影響;premise: 生產(chǎn)場(chǎng)所，經(jīng)營(yíng)場(chǎng)址(在這里引申為“所在地”之意)

　　3.FCA term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

　　FCA術(shù)語(yǔ)可用于各種運(yùn)輸方式，包括多式聯(lián)運(yùn)。

　　注釋：irrespective: 常與of聯(lián)用，意為：不論...的，任何的;multimodal transport:多式聯(lián)運(yùn)(multi-前綴,常表示“多種的”的意思)

　　4.If the buyer nominates a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.若買方制定承運(yùn)人以外的人領(lǐng)取貨物，則當(dāng)賣方將貨物交給此人時(shí)，即視為已履行交貨義務(wù)，(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移給買方)

　　注釋：other than: 除了，不同于; be deemed to: 被視為; fulfill: 履行，完成。

　　CPT — Carriage Paid to (... named place of destination) 運(yùn)費(fèi)付至(指定目的地)

　　定義：means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. 指賣方向其指定的承運(yùn)人交貨，但賣方還必須支付貨物運(yùn)至目的地的運(yùn)費(fèi)。

　　注釋：in addition: 另外這一貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1. The buyer bears all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.

　　買方承擔(dān)交貨后的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和其他費(fèi)用。

　　2. CPT與CFR的區(qū)別

　　CPT has much in common with the term CFR. The major difference is that CFR can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport, while CPT can be used for any mode of transport including multi-modal transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship’s rail, the CPT term is preferred.

　　CPT術(shù)語(yǔ)和CFR術(shù)語(yǔ)有很多相似之處。主要的區(qū)別在于CFR術(shù)語(yǔ)經(jīng)用于海運(yùn)和內(nèi)陸和運(yùn)輸，而CPT術(shù)語(yǔ)可適用于任何運(yùn)輸方式，包括多式聯(lián)運(yùn)。如果雙方不打算將貨物越過(guò)船舷交貨，應(yīng)使用CPT術(shù)語(yǔ)。

　　注釋：in common with: 和...一樣; major: 主要的;difference: 區(qū)別，不同之處; party: (條約，會(huì)議的) 參與者，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式與the聯(lián)用，表示“(合約)雙方”。Intend to: 打算做...;

　　across: 穿過(guò)，越過(guò)= pass; prefer : 更喜歡...，更傾向于...(preferred: 首選的)

　　CIP — Carriage and Insurance Paid to (... named place of destination ) 運(yùn)費(fèi)加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至(指定目的地)

　　定義：means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination.指賣方向其指定的承運(yùn)人交貨，但賣方必須支付貨物運(yùn)至目的地的運(yùn)費(fèi)。

　　這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1. The buyer bears all risks and any additional costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.買方承擔(dān)交貨后的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。

　　2. The seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. 賣方必須辦理買方貨物在運(yùn)輸途中滅失或損壞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)。因此由賣方訂立保險(xiǎn)合同并支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。

　　3. CIP may be used irrespective of the mode of transport including multi-modal transport. CIP術(shù)語(yǔ)可用于各種運(yùn)輸方式，包括多式聯(lián)運(yùn)。

編輯推薦：

2013年貨運(yùn)代理考試備考練習(xí)題及答案（1）

2013年貨運(yùn)代理考試備考練習(xí)題及答案(2)

2013年貨運(yùn)代理考試備考練習(xí)題及答案(3)

（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）