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經(jīng)典例題262 Since most TVaction_adventuredramas occurs in urban settings，the fear they inspire may contribute to the current flight of the middle class from our cities.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Since most TVaction_adventuredramas occurs…，the fear…may contribute to…。since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。they inspire修飾主句的主語the fear作定語，省略了關(guān)系代詞that.contribute to在此句中應(yīng)譯為促使，造成。dramas在文中不表示戲劇，而譯為節(jié)目，影片。

參考譯文由于電視播放的大多數(shù)動作片、冒險片以城市為背景，由此引起的恐懼感正促使中產(chǎn)階級逃離城市。

經(jīng)典例題263 Although at first sight the legislation appears to obstruct what might otherwise be a simple process，it actually exists to facilitate the purchase，while protecting the creditors(so far as company law is concerned.)

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Although…the legislation appears to obstruct…，it actually exists to…，while protecting the creditors…。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，在這個從句中又套有由what引導(dǎo)的名詞從句作obstruct的賓語。主句是it actually exists to…。在主句中while引導(dǎo)的短語作狀語，在這個狀語短語中又有一個as far as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。otherwise譯為在其他方面。facilitate意為使…便利。

參考譯文雖然乍一看，這個法律似乎妨礙本來可能很簡單的程序，但實際上這個法律的存在卻使購買變得便利，同時(就公司法而言)也保護債權(quán)人。

經(jīng)典例題264 While there can be no question of considering education in isolation from science，technology，culture and information，as a social practice that may involve all the members of society in one way or another，education has its own characteristics.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是While there can be no question of considering education…as a social practice…，education has its own characteristics.while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。主句是education has its own characteristics.在while引導(dǎo)的這個從句中，considering education與as a social practice被介詞短語in isolation from science，technology，culture and information分離。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾social practice.social practice在本句中譯為社會實踐。

參考譯文毫無疑問，我們可以脫離科學(xué)、技術(shù)、文化和信息，把教育作為以某種方式涉及社會全體成員的一種社會實踐來加以考查，但教育畢竟還有自己的特點。

經(jīng)典例題265 Lifts stopped working，so that even if you were lucky enough not to be trapped between two floors，you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Lifts stopped working，so that…，you had the unpleasant task…。so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。在這個從句中又套一個由even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

參考譯文電梯停了，因此即使你幸而沒有被困在兩個樓層中間，你也得去完成一項不愉快的任務(wù)，即摸黑往下走百級樓梯。

經(jīng)典例題266 So be sure not to have sleepless nights thinking because you have smoked a few or even a great number of cigarettes in your time，you are bound to get this illness，because that certainly is not true.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是So be sure not to…thinking you are bound to…，because that certainly is not true.so引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。在這個狀語從句中還包含兩個由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。thinking的賓語you are bound to get this illness被第一個原因狀語從句隔開。指示代詞that指代you are bound to get this illness這樣的擔(dān)憂。

參考譯文所以，千萬不可由于抽煙或曾煙癮很大，而擔(dān)憂肯定會染上這個疾病，并因此夜不能寐，因為這樣的擔(dān)憂實在是錯誤的。

經(jīng)典例題267 Some analysts put a positive spin on a possible Clinton presidency，expecting him if elected to favor small technology_oriented companies and smaller enterprises in general.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Some analysts put…，expecting him if elected to favor small technology_oriented companies…?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語expecting him to…充當(dāng)原因狀語。expecting him和to favor被if elected分離。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，if之后省略了he was(he指代Clinton)。spin原意為扭轉(zhuǎn)，在此應(yīng)譯為看法，態(tài)度。oriented意為以…為主的。

參考譯文有些分析家對克林頓當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)后可能帶來的結(jié)果持樂觀的態(tài)度。他們期望他一旦當(dāng)選，會支持重視技術(shù)的小公司和小企業(yè)。

經(jīng)典例題268 Once a few particles were created by quantum fluctuations of the empty vacuum，it became easier for a few more to appear and so，in a rapidly escalating process，the universe gushed forth from nothingness.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Once a few particles were created by…，it became easier for a few more to…，and…。once引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。主句是由and連接的一個并列句。介詞短語in a rapidly escalating process，作第二個分句的狀語。particles意為粒子。quantum fluctuations意為量子漲落。nothingness原意為虛無之狀態(tài)，不存在，在此引申為虛無。

參考譯文一旦真空中的量子漲落創(chuàng)造出一些粒子，更多的粒子就會接踵而至，隨著這一迅速增強的過程，宇宙便從虛無中噴涌而出。

經(jīng)典例題269 Although the power of man to change his environment is increasing，owing to both exponential population growth and rapid technological change，his activities cannot be seen as being immune to the influence of his physical environment.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Although the power of man to change…，owing to both…and…，his activities cannot be seen as being immune to…。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。主句是his activities cannot be seen as…，介詞短語owing to作它的原因狀語。be immune to原意為對…免疫，在此句中應(yīng)譯為擺脫。physical environment譯為自然環(huán)境。exponential意為指數(shù)的，冪數(shù)的。

參考譯文由于人口數(shù)量的幾何數(shù)增長和科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，盡管人類改變環(huán)境的能力也在提高，但人類活動還無法擺脫自然環(huán)境的影響。

經(jīng)典例題270 In essence，provided a company is permitted to do so by its Memorandom and Articles of Association，any company can now acquire its own shares(subject to there being at least one left)。

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是…，provided a company is…，any company can acquire its own shares…。provided引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于if.subject to there being at least one left修飾shares作定語，省略了which is.there being是there be的非謂語形式。subject to在此譯為取決于。

參考譯文實際上，如果一個公司的組織章程和(聯(lián)營)公司章程允許這樣做，那么任何公司現(xiàn)在都能購買自身股份(條件是至少剩下一位股東)。

經(jīng)典例題271 At the Planck scale，we need to extend General Relativity so that it includes not only the macroscopic properties of gravity but also is microscopic characteristics as well.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是At the Planck scale，we need to extend…so that it includes not only…but also…。so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。在這個目的狀語從句中又包含了一個由not only…but also引導(dǎo)的并列句。at the Planck scale在此意為在量子世界里。General Relativity意為廣義相對論。property有多種詞義，在此句中意為性質(zhì)，屬性。it指General Relativity.

參考譯文在量子世界里，我們就需要將廣義相對論進行擴充，使得這一理論中不僅包含引力的宏觀特性，還同時包含引力的微觀特性。

經(jīng)典例題272 Modern means of communication are so rapid that a buyer can discover what price a seller is asking，and can accept it if he wishes，although he may be thousands of miles away.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Modern means of communication are so…that…。that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，與so相呼應(yīng)。從句由一個主語a buyer和兩個謂語can discover and can accept組成。在這個狀語從句中，又包含兩個狀語從句。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，作can accept it的條件。What price a seller is asking是名詞從句，作discover的賓語。

參考譯文現(xiàn)代化的通訊手段非常迅速，一個買主雖然遠在幾千英里之外，卻能知道賣主的要價，并且如果他愿意的話，就可以接受這個價格。

經(jīng)典例題273 When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect，it seems to me that there are two causes，of which one goes much deeper than the other.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是When I try to understand…，it seems to me that there are two causes，of which one goes…。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。在這個從句中，what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect作understand的賓語。事實上，這是一個強調(diào)句，即為it is what that prevents…。主句是由先行詞it引導(dǎo)的句子。其中包含一個由介詞of+which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾two causes.

參考譯文我想弄清為什么那么多美國人不像人們料想的那樣快樂，覺得似乎有兩個原因，其中一個比另一個深刻得多。

練習(xí)

American and Japanese researchers are developing a smart car that will help drivers avoid accidents by predicting when they are about to make a dangerous move.

The smart car of the future will be able to tell if drivers are going to turn，change lanes，speed up，slow down or pass another car.

If the driver‘s intended action could lead to an accident，the car will activate a warning system or override the move.

(61)By shifting the emphasis of car safety away from design of the vehicle itself and looking more toward the driver‘s behavior，the developers believe that they can start to build cars that adapt to suit people’s needs，New Scientist magazine said.

Alex Pentland of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology collaborated on the project with Andrew Liu who works for the Japanese carmaker Nissan.

(62)Tests of their smart car using a driving simulator have shown that it is95percent accurate in predicting a driver‘s move12seconds in advance.

(63)The system is based on driving behavior which the researchers say can be divided into chains of sub_actions which include preparatory moves.

It monitors the driver‘s behavior patterns to predict the next move.

To make its predictions，Nissan‘s smart car uses a computer and sensors on the steering wheel，accelerator and brake to monitor a person’s driving patterns.(64)A brief training session，in which the driver is asked to perform certain maneuvers，allows the system to calculate the probability of particular actions occurring in two_second time segments，the magazine said.

Liu has also done work on tracking eye movement to predict driving behavior.(65)He said the smart car could be adapted to monitor eye movement which could give even earlier predictions of when a driver is about to make a wrong move.

答案

文章大意：為提高行車安全，過去的做法主要是在車輛的設(shè)計上大做文章;而美國和日本的研究人員正在研制一種智能汽車，這種汽車能預(yù)測駕駛員何時會做出危險的駕駛動作從而避免交通事故。

(61)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是By shifting the emphasis…and looking more…，the developers believe that they can start to build cars that adapt to suit people‘s needs，。此句的主干是the developers believe that…，賓語從句里cars又跟有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句;前面介詞by引導(dǎo)由and連接的并列動名詞構(gòu)成方式狀語;adapt to意思為適應(yīng)，這里可翻譯為面向，旨在。

參考譯文：研究人員相信，將提高駕車安全的重點從車輛的設(shè)計上轉(zhuǎn)移到更多地注意司機的行為，他們就能著手制造適應(yīng)人們需要的汽車。

(62)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是Tests…have shown that it is95percent accurate inpredicting a driver‘s move12seconds in advance.此句的主干包含了一個賓語從句：Tests…have shown that…。using a driving simulator是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，修飾smart car，that賓語從句中介詞in表示在…方面。move在這里作名詞，in advance翻譯為提前。

參考譯文：用模擬駕駛裝置對智能汽車的測試表明，提前12秒預(yù)測駕駛員動作的準確性達到95%.

(63)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是The system is based on driving behavior which…can be divided into chains of sub_actions which include preparatory moves.此句的主干是一簡單句：The system is based on driving behavior，但后面有兩個which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，第一個修飾driving behavior，第二個修飾sub_actions;the researchers say作為插入成分。chains of翻譯為一系列。

參考譯文：這套系統(tǒng)是以駕駛動作為基礎(chǔ)開發(fā)的，研究人員認為可以把駕駛過程分為一系列的動作，包括預(yù)備性的動作。

(64)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是A brief training session，…，allows the system to…本句是個簡單句，主語后有which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾，occurring in…現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語修飾actions.

參考譯文：在一個短暫的訓(xùn)練過程中，駕駛員被要求完成一些規(guī)定動作，這個訓(xùn)練過程讓系統(tǒng)計算出在兩秒鐘的時間內(nèi)發(fā)生某些特定動作的概率。

(65)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是He said the smart car could be adapted to…movement which could give even earlier predictions of when a driver is about to make a wrong move.這句中首先包含了一個賓語從句：He said that…;賓語部分里又含有which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，但它并不是修飾緊在其前的eye movement，這里which是指代前面說的整件事;when引導(dǎo)的從句做介詞of的賓語;be about to do表示將要做…。

參考譯文：他說可以將智能汽車改造成監(jiān)視眼球的活動，這樣就能更早地預(yù)見到司機將要做出的錯誤動作。

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（責(zé)任編輯：rhj）