Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV Treatment

Bristol-Myers Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS,2 for example, are all treated with ____1____ of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be ____2____ if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day.

Now, two companies say they have done that for people just ____3____ treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have ____4____ a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them ____5____ the name of Sustiva.4 Gilead combined the ____6____, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four.

Combining drugs involves more than ____7____ issues. It also involves issues of competition ____8____ the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of ____9____ is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of HIV

In January the New England Journal of Medicine5 published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its ____10____ to6 that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir ____11____ two drugs, AZT7 and 3TC.8 The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed HIV levels in more patients and with ____12____ side effects.9 Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmithKline.

Glaxo Smith Kline reacted ____13____ the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies.

The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration10 to ____14____ the new pill.

There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, ____15____ women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders.11 Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with HIV

1. A) conservation B) cooperation C) combinations D) considerations

2. A) simpler B) more complex C) more meaningless D) more troublesome

3. A) starting B) stopping C) ending D) discontinuing

4. A) analyzed B) examined C) explored D) developed

5. A) before B) after C) under D) above

6. A) one B) ones C) other D) others

7. A) social B) technical C) personal D) historical

8. A) if B) as if C) though D) as though

9. A) that B) which C) what D) whatever

10. A) size B) shape C) appearance D) effectiveness

11. A) excludes B) contains C) looks like D) tastes of

12. A) few B) fewer C) many D) more

13. A) for B) with C) to D) into

14. A) prove B) disprove C) improve D) approve

15. A) weak B) strong C) elder D) pregnant

1. 一天服用一次的藥丸可以簡化HIV病毒治療

Bristol—Myers Squibb公司和Gilead Sciences公司已經(jīng)把多種治療艾滋病病毒的藥品合成為一種藥丸。有的時候，最好的藥品是多種藥品的合成。例如瘧疾，結核病，艾滋病都是通過多種藥品治療的，那就意味著要服用很多藥丸。如果藥品公司把所有的藥品合成為一種藥丸，一天只服用一次，一切就簡單多了。

現(xiàn)在，兩家公司說他們已為那些剛接受艾滋病病毒(導致艾滋病)治療的人們合成了這樣一種藥丸。這兩家公司分別是Bristol—Myers Squibb公司和Gilead Sciences公司。他們研發(fā)了一種由目前市面上的三種藥品合成的藥丸。Bristol—Myers Squibb公司出售其中一種名為Sustiva的藥品，Gilead Sciences公司在2004年把其他兩種，Emtriva和Viread合成為一種單片。

合成藥品不僅僅是一個技術問題，當藥品由不同藥廠制造時，它也是一個競爭問題。這種新的一天只服一次的藥丸是被稱為對抗HIV病毒的過程中第一個聯(lián)合項目協(xié)議的產(chǎn)物。

在一月份，《新英格蘭醫(yī)藥雜志》發(fā)表了一項關于新藥丸的研究。研究者把它的效果與廣泛使用的Sustiva和Combivir的合成品比較，Combivir含有兩種藥物，疊氨胸苷和拉夫米定。研究人員說經(jīng)過一年的治療，這種新藥可以抑制更多病人的HIV水平，副作用也更少。這項研究是由Gilead Sciences公司資助的，并由在馬里蘭州巴摩爾的約翰·霍普金斯醫(yī)學院Joel Gallant教授率領。他是Bristol—Myers Squibb公司和Gilead Sciences公司雇用的顧問，也是Glaxo Smith Kline公司的Combivir的制造者。

對于這個研究結果，Glaxo Smith Kline認為單個的研究是沒有多大價值的，它說Combivir的效果已經(jīng)在超過五十個的研究中表現(xiàn)出來了。

這種一天一次的藥丸的價格尚未公布。但是Gilead和Bristol—Myers Squibb都宣稱他們將對發(fā)展中國家減價提供該藥品。他們計劃在未來幾個月里向美國食品與藥品管理局申請批準此藥品。

這種藥丸對于使用者是有限制的，因為它包含有不同的藥品。例如，孕婦被告知不要服用Sustiva避免嬰兒得先天性疾病的風險。專家們說全球超過四千萬的人攜帶有HIV病毒。

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