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Even Intelligent People Can Fail

1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cell-phone (手機(jī)). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜) of wrong turns.

2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (點(diǎn)亮著的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882.

3 "Many of life's failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.

4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: "You only fail when you quit."

5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.

6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen's company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn't. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.

1 Paragraph 2__________.

2 Paragraph 3__________.

3 Paragraph 4__________.

4 Paragraph 5__________.

A Importance of learning from failure

B Quality shared by most innovators

C Edison's innovation

D Edison's comment on failure

E Contributions made by innovators

F Miseries endured by innovators

5 People often didn't realize how close they were to success when__________.

6 Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car,__________.

7 Walt Disney was once so poor that__________.

8 The media demand that__________.

A he developed 3,000 theories

B he couldn't afford to buy a pair of shoes

C he found himself an unsuccessful man

D they quitted

E an innovation should work immediately

F failure is the mother of success

【參考答案】 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B5. D 6. C 7. B 8. E

【答案解析】

1 C 本文的標(biāo)題是：即使是聰明人也會(huì)失敗。第二和第三段都跟Edison直接相關(guān)。第二段描述的是他的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。

2 D 本段是。Edison對(duì)失敗的看法。第一句話的意思是：生活中的許多失敗是半途而廢，這些人不知道其實(shí)他們放棄時(shí)離成功已經(jīng)是近在咫尺了。

3 A 本段的第一句話是這么說(shuō)的：沒有人喜歡失敗，但是聰明的發(fā)明家會(huì)從中吸取教訓(xùn)。注意：一個(gè)段落的第一句話常常是主題句。

4 B 本段的第一句話是這么說(shuō)的：兩個(gè)世紀(jì)來(lái)，發(fā)明家表現(xiàn)出的一個(gè)共同品質(zhì)是棄而不舍。

5 D 本題是根據(jù)第三段的第一句話設(shè)計(jì)的。quit和give up口都有“放棄”的意思。

He has given up smoking.他戒煙了……He has quitted smoking他戒煙了。

6 c 本題是根據(jù)第五段的最后一句話設(shè)計(jì)的。該句說(shuō)到了Henry Ford本人的早年生涯并不成功。

7 B 第五段也說(shuō)到了Walt Disney，他曾經(jīng)都付不起只需1.5美元的修鞋的錢。本題就是根據(jù)Walt Disney，，當(dāng)時(shí)的情況設(shè)計(jì)的。

8 E 該題問的是：媒體要求什么?最后一段的第三句是這么說(shuō)的：但是，一個(gè)沒有耐心的社會(huì)和媒體希望即時(shí)成功。因此E是合適的選項(xiàng)。

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（責(zé)任編輯：rhj）

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