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四、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問題:
1.謂語和謂語基本保持單復(fù)數(shù)的一致,即:主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(計算機(jī)是個了不起的發(fā)明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2.集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時,
① 如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數(shù)形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
② 如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有張中國地圖)
3.Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個時謂語用單數(shù),表示許多時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊)
4.maths, news等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù):The news is very exciting. (這個消息令人興奮)
5.glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買)
6.a lot of 后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,跟不可數(shù)名詞時謂語用單數(shù)形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句)
7.and 連接兩個名詞做主語時,謂語原則上用復(fù)數(shù),但是兩個名詞若構(gòu)成一個整體事物時,謂語則用單數(shù)。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚和薯條是一種出名的食品)
8. there be 句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)一般由靠近的名詞決定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)
9.用both…and…連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來)
10.主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當(dāng)時)就站在路邊)
11.either…or…或者 neither…nor…連接兩個人物做句子主語時,謂語采用就近原則。如:Either you or he is right.(要么是你對,要么是他對。/你和他有一個人是對的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)
12.表示一段時間或長度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時,謂語一般用單數(shù)。如:Two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相當(dāng)長的一段距離)
13.主語中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等詞語時,謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學(xué)生的三分之一(當(dāng)時)正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了)(被動句)
但是,population一詞又有特殊情況: What’s the population of China?(中國人口是多少?)(句子用單數(shù)) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復(fù)數(shù))
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