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翻譯段落:
A true measure of the effect of governmental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulative effect of this injection through spending and re-spending. In the optimum case the initial expansion of income flow could be great enough to produce tax revenues in excess of the original "deficit spending" or the "tax cut", so that deficits are not only smaller than the increased GNP but are recouped. In Keynesian economics the fundamental point of government policy clearly is not budget-balancing but spending in the event of unused productive capacity and unemployment. Spending increases productivity. This productivity resulting from federal spending has overwhelmed the older economic myths of the balanced budget where government is conceived of as just another business firm.
答案:對于政府增加支出而產(chǎn)生的效果,真實(shí)的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并非在于最初的支出數(shù)額,而在于這一筆開支經(jīng)過多次投入而產(chǎn)生的長期效果。在理想的情況下,最初的收入增長產(chǎn)生的稅收會超過最初的“負(fù)債投入”或“減免的稅收”。這樣,赤字不僅小于GNP的增長,而且得到了補(bǔ)償。凱恩斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論認(rèn)為,政府決策的重點(diǎn)并非在于平衡預(yù)算,而在于生產(chǎn)能力沒有得到充分發(fā)揮,失業(yè)率居高不下之時增加支出。聯(lián)邦支出可以促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)能力這一理論使得傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)理論受到挑戰(zhàn)。這是因?yàn)楹笳哒J(rèn)為政府應(yīng)發(fā)揮類似公司的職能,盡力平衡預(yù)算
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