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Cloze Test
In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 20 minutes.
Insurance is the sharing of (1) . Nearly everyone is exposed (2) risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his (3) can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by (4) and (5) his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. ff these persons each put a (6) sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to (7) the needs of the few who do suffer (8) , In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the (9) . This is the basis of (10) . Those who pay the contributions are known as (11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer.
The (12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested (13) past experience, ff the companies fix their premiums too (14) , there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose (15) . On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have (16) and may even have to drop out (17) business. So the ordinary forces of supply and (18) keep premiums at a proper (19) to both insurers and those who (20) insurance.
正確答案:
1. risks[分析] 語境搭配。
根據(jù)語境分析,“保險(xiǎn)是對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的分擔(dān)”,按照下文“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”的用詞,此處應(yīng)填risks。
2. to[分析] 詞語搭配。
此句意為:幾乎每個(gè)人都會(huì)遭遇某種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。be exposed to使(日光、風(fēng)雨等)暴露于,使遭受(危險(xiǎn)等),使接觸到(作用、影響)。
3. property/house[分析] 語境搭配。
根據(jù)語境分析,此處所填之詞即為“房屋擁有者的房屋或房產(chǎn)”,所以此處應(yīng)填property/house。
4. accident/chance[分析] 詞語搭配。
此句是舉例說明人們可能遇到的風(fēng)險(xiǎn):房屋的主人知道他的房產(chǎn)可能會(huì)被大火毀壞;船主知道他的船只可能會(huì)在海上失事,養(yǎng)家糊口的人知道他也許會(huì)死于意外/偶然死去,使得家人生活在貧困之中。而“死于意外/偶然死去”應(yīng)為by accident 或 by chance。
5. leave[分析] 詞語搭配。
此處需填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。句意見上題;因表“離別(家人),離棄,遺棄”,因此應(yīng)填leave。
6. small/certain[分析] 詞語搭配。
此句意為,如果這些人每人拿出少量的/一定的錢匯集起來,就會(huì)有足夠的錢去滿足那些(少數(shù)的)遭受損失的人的需要。“少量的/一定的錢”應(yīng)為a small/certain sum of money。
7. meet[分析] 詞語搭配。
此處需填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,句義見上題:“滿足……的需要”應(yīng)為meet…the needs。
8. loss/losses[分析] 詞語搭配。
此處需填個(gè)名詞/名詞性的詞:句意見第6題。“遭受損失”應(yīng)為suffer loss/losses。
9. many[分析] 語境搭配。
此句意為:換言之,少數(shù)人的損失可用多數(shù)人的貢獻(xiàn)來應(yīng)付:此處所填之詞與前面的冠詞the應(yīng)與前面的the few構(gòu)成反義詞,因此應(yīng)填many。
10.insurance[分析] 語境搭配。
此句意為:這就是……的基礎(chǔ)。而本文介紹的就是保險(xiǎn)的作用。故此處應(yīng)填名詞“保險(xiǎn)insurance”。
11.insured[分析] 語境搭配。
此句進(jìn)一步介紹保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的術(shù)語:那些交捐款的人被稱作“保戶/加入保險(xiǎn)者”,而那些管理這些匯集起來的捐款的人則被稱作“保險(xiǎn)業(yè)者/保險(xiǎn)公司”:因此應(yīng)填insured保戶/加入保險(xiǎn)者。
12.premium[分析] 語境搭配。
根據(jù)上下文,此句意為:保險(xiǎn)的費(fèi)用(保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))自然應(yīng)按以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)估計(jì)可能要冒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來定。因此應(yīng)填premium保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
13.by[分析] 詞語搭配。
此處需填一個(gè)表示手段的介詞,句意見上題,因此應(yīng)填by。
14.high[分析] 語境搭配。
根據(jù)上下文,此句意為:“如果(保險(xiǎn))公司將保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)定得過高,保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的競爭將更激烈,他們就有可能失去商機(jī)/損失金錢”。如把此句與下一句聯(lián)系起來看:If the companies fix their premiums too___(14)…On the other hand,if they make the premiums too low,…由此也可推斷出此處應(yīng)填high。
15.business/money[分析] 詞語搭配。
此處需填一個(gè)名詞,句意見上題:因此應(yīng)填business/money。
16.profit[分析] 語境搭配。
根據(jù)上下文,此句意為:“另一方面,如果(保險(xiǎn))公司將保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)定得過低,他們將無法獲利,甚至有可能不得不退出這一行業(yè)。”因此應(yīng)填profit。
17.of[分析] 習(xí)慣塔配。
句意見上題,詞組“退出”應(yīng)為:drop out of…。
18.demand[分析] 詞語搭配。
根據(jù)句意:“因此,一般供求關(guān)系的影響會(huì)使保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)對(duì)保險(xiǎn)公司和投保雙方來說都保持在一個(gè)合適的水平。”所以此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)與supply相對(duì)之詞,因此 demand是答案。
19.level[分析] 詞語搭配。
此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞,句意見上題,因此為at a proper level。
20.buy[分析] 詞語搭配。
此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,表示“買保險(xiǎn)的人”,句意見18題;因此答案為buy。
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(責(zé)任編輯:中大編輯)