2015年同等學力英語復習資料(4)

(二)賓語

He has a pretty cat. / Teacher can help Rose. / The sailor crossed the dangerous river easily. / Students should do their homework alone.

句子中的黑體字均表示動作的承受者，通常放在及物動詞的后面。

She gave John a bag. / The grandmother is telling children a story. / The little boy brought mother an orange. / The wife cooked her husband a big fish.

句子中的黑體字均為雙賓動詞的賓語，其中，指人的為間接賓語，如John，mother等;指物的為間接賓語，如bag，fish等。

以下是介詞的賓語：

I went to school everyday. / They are talking about the traffic accident. / On Friday，we always have our English lessons.

句子中的黑體字均為介詞的賓語，表示與介詞有關的東西，和介詞一起表達一個完整的意思。這種賓語一般跟在介詞后，和介詞一起構成介詞短語。

(三)表語

My sister is a doctor. / He has become an artist. / The ruins have been a famous building.

句子中的黑體字均為表語，表示主語是“誰”、“成為什么”。主語和其補足語往往指同一個人或同樣東西。句子的動詞為系動詞。

(四)賓語的補足語

Many people now consider the family a school. / They elected him president. / All the students in that class knew their monitor a coward.

句子中的黑體字均為賓語補足語，對賓語進行補充說明，表示它“成為什么”、“被認為如何”等。它和賓語有密切關系，通常緊跟賓語其后。

(五)狀語

He will arrive here next week. / We have walked eight miles. / It is six inches. / He will be back Monday.

句子中的黑體字均為狀語，這些狀語用來修飾動詞或形容詞，表長度時間等。在多種情況下，其前面有修飾語，有時也可以單獨做狀語。

(六)同位語

My friend John is a pleasant person. / This is Mr. Smith，headmaster of No.3 Middle School. / My roommate bought many things: books，pencils and stamps.

句子中的黑體字均為同位語，表示其前面名詞或代詞究竟指什么，或對其前面的名詞或代詞做補充說明，如John，headmaster，和books，pencils and stamps 分別對friend，Mr. Smith，things 做進一步的說明。

(七)定語

My family lives in a country house. / They are at the harvest festival. / He often visits night club. / His uncle met a silver smith that day.

句子中的黑體字均為定語，修飾其后面的另一個名詞，或與另一個名詞構成合成詞。

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（責任編輯：中大編輯）

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