中考選詞填空

短文填空是近年才創(chuàng)設(shè)的一種新題型。這種題型為：給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉10個(gè)單詞，同時(shí)在一個(gè)方框內(nèi)給出10至12個(gè)單詞，① 讓考生根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容，確定詞義②用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，確定詞性和詞形變化，把這些單詞填入空白處，使文章正確、通順。

這種題型考查的是考生的整體閱讀能力和基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法的運(yùn)用能力，特別是單詞的詞性和詞形轉(zhuǎn)化能力。它是介于閱讀理解和書(shū)面表達(dá)之間的一種題型。

根據(jù)平時(shí)的觀察，學(xué)生在做英語(yǔ)的“選詞填空”時(shí)，遭遇較多困難，有的甚至條件反射一樣畏懼或厭煩。在此，我把平時(shí)積累的解題技巧和訓(xùn)練技巧略作歸納，希望能給有需要的學(xué)生朋友提供一點(diǎn)幫助。

“選詞填空”要求學(xué)生利用所給的12個(gè)詞匯（一般有名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、介詞和連詞等）補(bǔ)全一篇有10個(gè)空缺的短文。要攻克這一難關(guān)，學(xué)生除了要進(jìn)行大量的課外閱讀，積累豐富的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)外，還需掌握一定的解題技巧。

1.在拿到題目后，不要急于看文章，首先對(duì)備選的詞匯研究幾遍，對(duì)詞性作簡(jiǎn)單的標(biāo)記，例如：名詞-n.，動(dòng)詞-v.，形容詞-a.，副詞-ad. 等等。同時(shí)對(duì)詞義作初步的理解。

2.通讀全文，語(yǔ)義完整、適用、合乎邏輯是做好填詞的前提。通過(guò)上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的內(nèi)容，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)固定搭配關(guān)系，憑借語(yǔ)感積極主動(dòng)地猜測(cè)空格中所缺的信息，根據(jù)需要去備選詞匯中尋找匹配的答案。

3.在選定單詞后，不要輕率地填入。在填詞過(guò)程中，需要瞻前顧后，既要符合本句的含義，又要保證句式結(jié)構(gòu)的正確。當(dāng)你選定一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，要考慮是否要把它變成復(fù)數(shù)或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches， friend-friend‘s/friends’。其他還要考慮名詞是否需要變成形容詞，例如：sun-sunny， use-useful/useless/used， danger-dangerous；在遇到動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要有意識(shí)地去考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的變化（動(dòng)詞不定式- to do， 現(xiàn)在分詞-doing， 過(guò)去分詞-done， 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done…）。

形容詞和副詞填空時(shí)要主動(dòng)去判定是否需要變成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，還有它們之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換以及形容詞變名詞的需求也需考慮，例如：interesting-more /the most interesting， happy-happily，happy -happiness； 填入代詞時(shí)，需注意辨別主格、賓格、名詞性和形容詞性物主代詞或反身代詞的用法；數(shù)詞方面要注意基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的變化以及分?jǐn)?shù)和虛實(shí)數(shù)的用法，例如：three-third， 2/3-two thirds， one thousand/thousands of ；冠詞只需要在 a或an之間判別，如a girl/an old man； 當(dāng)遇到介詞和連詞時(shí)，就更簡(jiǎn)單，只要符合上下文邏輯或固定短語(yǔ)搭配，填入即可。為了方便記憶，試著記住下面的順口溜：空前空后要注意，“名詞”單復(fù)數(shù)要牢記，還有‘s 不能棄，“動(dòng)詞”注意要變形，“形副”注意要用三種級(jí)，要填“數(shù)詞”請(qǐng)留意，千萬(wàn)別忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代詞”需慎重，五格變化要謹(jǐn)記。

4.完成填詞后，應(yīng)通讀全文，復(fù)核校對(duì)。檢查單詞拼寫(xiě)是否正確，是否有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、慣用法及詞語(yǔ)選用上的錯(cuò)誤，以確保答案的正確性。最后把答案填入答卷時(shí)，切勿錯(cuò)位。

例題解析：

（一）用方框中所給詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文正確、通順、連貫（每詞限用一次）。

job, chance, fourth, why, live, easy, honest, good, in order to, come out Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I'm here today to share a good lesson with you. It is a true story about an overseas student   71 ________   in Germany.

After years of hard work, this student graduated with amazing achievements. Everyone thought he was going to get a good   72________    easily and have a bright future. But to his disappointment, he was not even given the   73  _______  for an interview! The third time he was refused, he couldn't help telephoning the company to ask   74________    they didn't want him. The answer was simple. " We don't offer jobs to   75  __________  people in Germany."

What was wrong, you might wonder? The truth is, shortly after he arrived in Germany, this clever student found that it was   76________    to skip buying subway tickets. So   77_____    save money, he often went without a ticket. As a result, he had been caught without a ticket in the subway   78________    times.

From this story, we learn that we may get short-term benefits in dishonest ways, but the truth will   79 ________   sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember: honesty is the   80   _______ rule.

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That's all for my speech. Thank you!

【主旨大意】這是一篇演講稿。通過(guò)一個(gè)生動(dòng)的例子告訴大家一個(gè)道理：我們可以用不誠(chéng)實(shí)的方式獲取短期的利益，但遲早會(huì)真相大白，并為此付出高昂的代價(jià)。誠(chéng)實(shí)才是上策。

答案：

71. living 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾 student

72. job 前一句說(shuō)該學(xué)生取得了驚人的成績(jī)，都認(rèn)為他能有一份好工作（job)和光明未來(lái)。

73. chance 句意：他甚至沒(méi)有被給面試的機(jī)會(huì)。

74. why .why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句表示原因。

75. dishonest由下文知那個(gè)學(xué)生4次逃票，所以是不誠(chéng)實(shí)的。

76. easy 句意：...發(fā)現(xiàn)逃票很容易。注意句型：It is +adj.+to do sth.

77. in order to  句意：...為了節(jié)省錢(qián)，他經(jīng)常逃票。

78. four   four times 四次。注意用基數(shù)詞

79. come out 。   "the truth will come out "將會(huì)真相大白。

80. best .  "honesty is the best rule"誠(chéng)實(shí)才是上策。注意the后的最高級(jí)形式。

（二）用方框中所給詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文正確、通順、連貫（每詞限用一次）。

so  start easy  badly  someone  difficult if   thank   class    reporter    medical  succeed

　　Proving Them Wrong!

I' m John Wood, a doctor at a famous Boston hospital. During the first two years of high school, I found biology very 56______ . My report cards always said things like "must study harder" or "John shouldn't choose science 57_______ ." It was really terrible for 58_______ who had always dreamed of becoming a doctor. I lost confidence, so I left high school x j at sixteen and   59_________   working at a supermarket.

One evening I saw a documentary about Albert Einstein. According to the documentary, Einstein had done really 60_______ at school. I began to think that Einstein could 61________ , then I may have a chance, too. I didn't want to leave my job, 62 _________I decided to go to night school to finish high school. Two years later, I went to a   63_________ university.

I've often thought I should contact the   64__________   the Einstein documentary

and   65 __________  him. As for the biology teacher, I might contact her, too, one day - but not to thank her!

【主旨大意】夢(mèng)想成為醫(yī)生的"我"，由于生物學(xué)得不好，在老師一句"不適合學(xué)理科"評(píng)價(jià)下，"我"失去信心。然而從愛(ài)因斯坦成功事例的鼓舞下，"我"夢(mèng)想成真。一句話可以成就一個(gè)人，也可毀掉一個(gè)人。

56. difficult 根據(jù)下文"成績(jī)單總是寫(xiě)著'應(yīng)努力學(xué)習(xí)'"可生物對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)很難。

57.classes 句意為"不應(yīng)選擇理科"

58．someone 對(duì)夢(mèng)想成為醫(yī)生的人來(lái)說(shuō)很糟糕

59.started 離開(kāi)學(xué)習(xí)開(kāi)始在超市上班。

60.badly 根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)愛(ài)因斯坦在學(xué)校曾經(jīng)學(xué)的很糟。

61.succeed 愛(ài)因斯坦能成功，我可能還有機(jī)會(huì)。

62.so 連詞的考察"由于我不想丟掉工作，因此我決定上夜校。"

63.medical 根據(jù)上文夢(mèng)想成為醫(yī)生，所以應(yīng)為"上醫(yī)學(xué)院"

64.reporter 我應(yīng)聯(lián)系愛(ài)因斯坦文獻(xiàn)的記者

65.thank我應(yīng)聯(lián)系愛(ài)因斯坦文獻(xiàn)的記者并謝謝他。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)

( 1 )

well , soft, second, better, may, strongly, afraid, sand , stay up, if, now, house

We can’t stop an earthquake(地震), but we can do things to make sure they don’t destroy(毀壞) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 .________ idea to build houses along lines where 2. ________ of the earth’s plates(板塊) join together. Second, if you think there 3. ________ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. ________. Third, you must make the houses as 5. ________ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. ________ . .

Scientists are 7. ________ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(舊金山) . They call it “ The Big One ”. However, people today are still building more 8. ________ . The population in and around San Francisco is 9. ________ ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10. ________ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.

  （2）

(2011四川宜賓) 第二節(jié)：選詞填空。（共8個(gè)小題，每小題1分，計(jì)8分）

從下面方框中選出8個(gè)單詞，用它們的適當(dāng)形式填入短文空格內(nèi)，使短文意思正確、通順。(每詞限用一次)

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take, bad, medicine, careful, nothing, come, month, something, and, wrong

 

Mr. Shute lives in a village. He has got a big family and a strong dog. His farm is small 76 he is often free in winter. So he goes to a city and finds work there.

Once he stayed in a city for two 77 . When New Year was coming, he went back home to see his wife and his children. On his way home, something was 78 with his eyes. When he knocked on the door, his dog 79 out and was not friendly to him. His wife hurried to drive it away. The next morning he went to see a doctor. The doctor looked over his eyes 80 and gave him some 81 . Before he left, he told the doctor about his dog. When he heard this, the doctor began to laugh and said, “Maybe something is wrong with your dog’s eyes, too.”

When Mr. Shute got home, he told his wife about it. The woman said, “I’m afraid it’s true. If a thief comes into our house, it won’t see him and he’ll steal 82 here.”

Mr. Shute thought his wife was right. He then made his dog 83 his medicine instead.

（3）

【2011山東菏澤】五、綜合填空(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容用方框內(nèi)所給詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文語(yǔ)義完整。(請(qǐng)你一定要注意詞語(yǔ)的形式變化!)

to must ask unusual it when early who notice if

My name is Jim White. I live in America. I had a very (66) experience on Sunday. I saw a UFO in the daytime. (67) this spring, I went outside with my friend Bill (68) lived close to me. We were walking to a hill (69) I saw a large bright light dancing in the sky. I called Jim and asked him to look up. He kept (70) , “What is that?” “A UFO!” I shouted excitedly. I (71) it was round and red in the center.

After we looked at (72) for a moment, we found it seemed that it had wings, but it was still round. Bill would not believe me when I told him it (73) be a UFO. We shouted (74) it and we wished that it would land. We wanted to know (75) there was an alien in it. But soon it disappeared. I guessed we scared it off.

Do you believe me? It’s a true story.

請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在下面的橫線上:

（4）

【2011浙江杭州】七、選詞填空

he, the, grow, high, until, one, fail, loud, speech, when

Sir Edmund Hillary was the first man to climb Mount Everest. On May 29, 1953 he climbed and measured 61)__________ highest mountain then known to man—29,000 feet straight up. He was spoken 62)__________ of for his efforts when he came back. He even made advertisements for big companies. However, 63)__________ we read his book, High Adventure, we don't understand that Hillary had to grow into this success.

You see, in 1952 he tried to climb Mount Everest, but 64)__________. A few weeks later a group in England asked him to give a 65)__________ to its members. Hillary was given a warm welcome 66)__________ walking on stage. People there thought him as a hero, but Edmund Hillary saw 67)__________ as a failure. He moved away from the microphone and walked to the side of the stage.

He lifted one hand and pointed at a picture of the mountain. He said in a 68)__________voice, “Mount Everest, you beat me the 69)__________ time, but I’ll beat you the next time because you’ve 70)__________all you are going to grow, but I'm still growing!”

（5）

將下列單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞，每個(gè)單詞只能填一次。

According to Xinhua News Agency, 3,000 yellow school buses started their service in Chongqing 51 2011. These school buses are like the ones in the US as we usually see on TV and in movies.

The school buses are bright yellow in colour. They are stronger than the army’s cars. They are from the US. The yellow school bus has a big nose. This 52 the students safe when other cars crash into the school bus. The bus also has some devices(設(shè)備), such as warning lights and stop signal arm.

In the US, yellow school buses are very 53 . There are about 480,000 school buses in the country. Usually, the yellow school buses are free to ride.

In China, school buses became popular in the past few years. On the bus,

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54 the bus driver, there is always a teacher whose duty is to watch the students. Children usually rest on the bus. Some of them also recite texts. School buses in China are not free. The fee is 55 from school to school.

More about yellow school buses in the US

Yellow became the colour of school buses in 1939. American educator, Frank W. Cyr 56 it. The colour helped other cars to see the buses. In the early morning, the black letters on the yellow bus are easy to see.

Kids can listen to music, talk on their 57 or just sleep. But they can’t place things in the aisle(過(guò)道). They should keep their heads and arms 58 the bus. It is not a good idea to talk to the bus driver – the driver needs to pay attention to the road.

（6）

將下列單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞，每次只能填一次。

A. The way B. from a distance C. own D. has studied E. grew F. recording G. like H. do I. act

Jane Goodall is a famous woman scientist, who __51___ chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in

Africa for many years. Her research helps people understand how much they behave __52___

humans. Nobody before has fully understood chimpanzees’ behavior. Jane spent many

years observing and ___53___ their daily activities. She did not study at a university but she

worked with animals in their __54__ environment. When she arrived at Gombe(貢貝在尼

日尼亞) in 1960， it was usually for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother

came to help her for the first months, was she allowed to begin her project. At first, Jane could not get close to the chimpanzees of Gombe, but little by little she was able to move closer to the chimpanzees and watch them __55__ with binoculars(望遠(yuǎn)鏡). Finally, Jane ___56___ very close to the chimpanzees at Gombe. Jane’s patience and trust won them over, and she enjoyed a degree of acceptance(接受度) that was hardly dreamed possible. She sat among the chimpanzees, and they would greet her as they __57__ each other with a touch or a kiss.

Her work has changed __58__ people think about chimpanzees, and she has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. Perhaps most significantly, Jane’s work has opened a window into the world of chimpanzees for a public with a strong curiosity(好奇心)， and it has proved more successful than anyone has ever imagined.

（7）

將下列單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞，每詞只能填一次。

Brian ran in Central Park every morning. He 51 took a five-dollar bill with him in his pocket. After running he bought himself a cup of coffee and a hamburger.

One day 52 runner knocked into him. For a few moments he didn't think about it.

He felt for his five-dollar bill in his pocket. It wasn't there! That man had 53 it!

The man was only 30 meters far away. Brian ran after him, hit him and said, "Give me the 54 !" The man said, "OK! Just stay cool! Take it easy!"

Then the man gave Brian a five-dollar bill.

Then the man ran away as 55 as he could!

Brian felt really good 56 ran to the shop. He bought himself a coffee and a

hamburger.

Then he ran home. His wife was 57 him. She said, "Oh, dear! You've had a bad morning, haven't you?"

"No! Why? I've had a very 58 morning!"

"Really? But you left your five-dollar bill on the table!"

（8）

將下列單詞詞組填入空格。每空格填一詞，每詞只能填一次

A. clothes B. left C. though D. difficult E. parent F. reading G. happy with H. angry about I. came true

My mother was a housewife. She thought that successful people spent a lot more time __51___than watching TV. So she asked my brother and me to read two books every week in our free time. She would check them with marks, __52___she couldn’t read the books at all.

When I went to school, I was an A-student, but not for long. I wanted cool __53___ and hung out with friends. I went from being an A-student to a C-student, but I didn’t care. One night, I complained about not having enough Italian T-shirts. Then my mother gave me all her money. She said I could get the money __54__ to buy shirts if I finished buying all things the family needed. I was very __55__that, but after I bought those things, there was no money left. I got to know how _56__ it was for my mother to do all this. I went back to my studies and become an A-student again. Finally, my dream __57__ and I become a doctor.

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My story is really my mother’s story--a woman with little education greatly changed my life as a __58__. So, I believe there is no job more important than parenting.

(9)

將下列單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞，每詞只能填一次。

A. part B. realize C. stations D. For example

E. events F. unusual G. receive H. all over I. In addition

Hundreds of years ago, news was carried from place to place by people on foot or by horse. It took days, weeks and sometimes months for people to ___51___ news. Now it is possible to send words and pictures around the world in seconds. Billions of people learn about news stories of their own country and ___52___ the world every day, either by watching TV or reading newspapers.

Newspapers have been an important __53__ of everyday life since the 18th century. Many countries have hundreds of different newspapers. How do newspaper editors decide which news stories to print? Why do they print some stories and not others? What makes a good newspaper story?

Firstly, it is important to report new stories. TV __54__ can report news much faster than newspapers. Yet, newspapers give more about the same story. They may also look at the story in another way, or they may print completely different stories to those on TV.

Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and __55__. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news. __56__, newspapers never print stories about planes landing safely, instead, they print stories about plane accidents.

__57__, many people are interested in news in foreign countries, but more prefer to read stories about people, places and __58__ in their own country. So the stories on the front page in Chinese newspapers are usually very different from the ones in British, French and American newspaper.

實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)答案：

( 1 )

1.good 2.two 3. may 4.sand 5.strong 6. stay up 7. afraid 8.houses 9.now 10.if

（2）

76. and 77. months 78. wrong 79. came 80. carefully 81. medicine 82.something 83. take

（3）

66. unusual 67. Early 68. who 69. when 70. asking 71. noticed 72. it 73. must 74. to 75. if

（4）

61the, 62. highly, 63. until, 64. failed, 65. speech 66. when, 67. himself, 68. loud, 69. first, 70.grown

(5)

51. at the end of 52. keeps 53. common 54. besides 55. different 56. suggested 57. phones 58. inside

(6)

51. has studied 52. like 53. recording 54. own 55. from a distance 56. grew 57. do 58. The way

(7)

51. always 52. another 53. taken 54. money 55. fast 56. and 57. waiting for 58. good

(8)

51. reading 52. though 53. clothes 54. left 55. happy with 56. difficult 57. came true 58. parent

(9)

51. receive 52. all over 53. part 54. stations 55. unusual 56. For example 57. In addition 58. events

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（責(zé)任編輯：liushengbao）