2012年教育碩士英語虛擬語氣詳解
1) 語氣:
陳述,疑問,祈使,虛擬
2) 虛擬語氣:表示一種純然假想的情況或主觀愿望,動詞需要用一種特殊形式。
形式分為三類:現(xiàn)在虛擬語氣(動詞用原形),過去虛擬語氣(動詞用過去式,但動詞be要用were),過去完成形式(動詞用過去完成時)。有些情態(tài)動詞,如should, would, might常用在虛擬語氣中。
3) 虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法:
虛擬條件句:就是包含條件從句的句子。
條件句分為:
真實條件句——有些條件句是可能實現(xiàn)的。
虛擬條件句——有些條件句是純假象的句子。
If we leave now, we can still catch the train.
If I had enough money, I would buy a computer.
If you are waiting for a bus you’d better join the queue.
4) 表示現(xiàn)在和將來情況的虛擬條件句:
⑴表示現(xiàn)在或將來的虛擬條件句——從句中的謂語(用過去式形式);主句謂語(would+動詞原形)
If I had a map I would lend it to you.
If you left your bike outside, someone would steal it.
If I were you I’d plant some trees round the house.
注:If I were you句中,were不能改成was,但在第三人稱單數(shù)后用was也可以。如:
If Helen were(was) here how nice it would be!
?、浦骶渲^語有時也可以由might, could構成。
If I could type, I might save a lot of time.
If he had a permit he could get a job.
?、窃跅l件句從句中有時還可以用were to +動詞,或should+動詞。
If he were (was) to resign, who would take his place?
If I should be free tomorrow, I will come to see you.
?、仍谀承l件從句中(如were to +動詞,should+動詞),if有時可以省略,這時語序要改為倒裝。
Were I Tom, I would refuse.
Were I in your shoes I would let him know what I thought of him.
Should she be interested, I’ll phone her.
?、蓮木溆袝r可以用If it were not for這種句型,表示“若不是”。
If it were not for your help, we would be in serious trouble.
5) 表示過去情況的虛擬條件句:(這類從句表示一個與事實相反的過去情況)
?、疟硎具^去情況的虛擬條件句——條件從句中的謂語(相當于過去式的形式);主句的謂語(would have+過去分詞)
If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.
If I had left sooner, I’d have caught the bus.
What would you have done if you’d been in my position?
注:在主句中,如果主語是第一人稱,可以用should構成謂語。
I should (would) have talked it to my mother if I had thought of it.
⑵主句中也可用could和might構成,有時還可由should構成。
If my father had lived, he could have done all this for me.
If we had found him earlier we might have saved his life.
If he had apologized, you should have done so too.
⑶從句中也可用had not been for來構成謂語,表示“要不是”。
If it hadn’t been for your timely help, we would have got into serious trouble.
If it hadn’t been for her meticulous care, I wouldn’t have got well so soon.
?、萯f有時可以省略,但后面部分需要倒裝。
Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it.
Had it not been for their support, we couldn’t have won the election.
Had Mark been in charge, it wouldn’t have happened.
其他知識點:
1) ??键c有:對a、過去的虛擬語氣,b、錯綜句的考查,c、還有去掉if將助動詞had ,情態(tài)動詞should,be動詞提前等
2) 要注意哪些詞可以用作虛擬語氣 如as if(though),if only, demand, insist, suggest但要注意suggest 表示“表明”時不用虛擬語氣,如 her expression suggest that she made a mistake.
3) 要求,建議,命令等+ (should) do,用虛擬語氣demand, insist, require,request, demand, desire, ask(要求),suggest,advise, propose(提議),urge(催促),vote(投票),command(命令), order, recommend,intend, petition(懇請)。
4) It is adj. that… 用虛擬語氣 important, illegal, essential,vital,appropriate,unfair,dreadful,strange,surprising,natural,unthinkable
5) It’s (high) time后的定語從句中謂語要用虛擬語氣(多用過去虛擬語氣)
It’s high time we went.
6) 錯綜時間條件句:有些條件句主句謂語和從句謂語表示的動作在時間上并不一致。
If the weather had been more favorable, the corps would be growing still better.
If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.
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